Glasgow's population had surpassed that of Edinburgh by 1821. Key banking sector companies have also moved some of their services to commercial property in Glasgow Resolution, JPMorgan Chase, Barclays Wealth, Tesco Personal Finance, Morgan Stanley, Lloyds Banking Group, Clydesdale Bank, BNP Paribas, HSBC, Santander and the Royal Bank of Scotland. WebFrom independent stores to high street retailers, Glasgow is the best shopping city. All pharmacies provide a wide range of services including minor ailment advice, emergency hormonal contraception, public health advice, some provide oxygen and needle exchange. The Ministry of Defence have several departments and Clydeport, the Glasgow Stock Exchange, Student Loans Company, Scottish Executive Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department, BT Group, Scottish Friendly. In addition, the boundaries of the city were changed twice during the late-twentieth century, making direct comparisons difficult. The official Met Office data series goes back to 1959 and shows that there only have been a few warm and no hot summers in Glasgow, in stark contrast to areas further south in Great Britain and eastwards in Europe. [158] Much of the city's Roman Catholic population are those of Irish ancestry. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. [197], Leisure and tourist sailing is important, at marinas and towns of the Clyde, including the PS Waverley, the world's last operational seagoing paddle-steamer.[198]. A popular Indian restaurant in Glasgow has closed after six years. The spring months (March to May) are usually mild and often quite pleasant. The new building is built to a design by Zaha Hadid. 2014 was the third time the Games have been held in Scotland. Towards the end of the twentieth century, it became a centre of the struggle against the poll tax; which was introduced in Scotland a whole year before the rest of the United Kingdom and also served as the main base of the Scottish Socialist Party, another left-wing political party in Scotland. The heart of the city is George Square, site of many of Glasgow's public statues and the elaborate Victorian Glasgow City Chambers, headquarters of Glasgow City Council. The population was static for a time; but due to migration from other parts of Scotland as well as immigration from overseas, the population has begun to grow. Glasgow is home to a variety of theatres including the King's Theatre, the Theatre Royal and the Citizens Theatre and is home to many museums and art galleries, the largest and most famous being the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, the Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA) and the Burrell Collection. Stay at this 4-star business-friendly hotel in Glasgow. The city also held a series of International Exhibitions at Kelvingrove Park, in 1888, 1901 and 1911, with Britain's last major International Exhibition, the Empire Exhibition, being subsequently held in 1938 at Bellahouston Park, which drew 13 million visitors. Pollok Country Park. [7] In 2020, it had an estimated population of 635,640. Glasgow, Gaelic Glaschu, city, west-central Scotland. The towns of Cambuslang and Rutherglen were included in the City of Glasgow district from 1975 to 1996, but are now in the South Lanarkshire council area.[132][133][134]. [239], The Easterhouse Panthers based in the East End of Glasgow are a rugby league team who play in the Rugby League Conference Scotland Division. "Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and the third largest in the United Kingdom. By Jenness Mitchell, Scotland news reporter Tuesday 17 January 2023 Glasgow has the most extensive urban rail network in the UK outside London, with rail services travelling to a large part of the West of Scotland. In the Referendum of 2014 turnout was 75%, the lowest in Scotland;[72] in the Brexit referendum the city's voters, while joining the rest of Scotland in voting to remain part of the EU, again had a low turnout of 56.2%, although SNP MP Angus Robertson placed this in the historical context of traditional low turnout in Glasgow. [105], The main shopping areas include Buchanan Street, Buchanan Galleries, linking Buchanan Street and Sauchiehall Street, and the St. Enoch Centre linking Argyle Street and St Enoch Square), with the up-market Princes Square, which specifically features shops such as Ted Baker, Radley and Kurt Geiger. places. Despite its northerly latitude, similar to that of Moscow, Glasgow's climate is classified as oceanic (Kppen Cfb). The Glasgow Necropolis Garden Cemetery was created by the Merchants House on a hill above the cathedral in 1831. Its early trade was in agriculture, brewing and fishing, with cured salmon and herring being exported to Europe and the Mediterranean. [168][169], Glasgow is Scotland's main locus of Gaelic language use outside the Highlands and Islands. 1960s/1970s Many perished at three major blazes: the, Cowan, J. [190] This growth and its high use of recruitment agencies to hire graduates as temporary workers has led to accusations of exploitative practices such as long hours, poor pay and lack of job security by the TUC and other union bodies.[191]. Festivals include the Glasgow International Comedy Festival, Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art, Glasgow International Jazz Festival, Celtic Connections, Glasgow Fair, Glasgow Film Festival, West End Festival, Merchant City Festival, Glasgay, and the World Pipe Band Championships. Shopping "The Tenement: A Way of Life" (1979), Worsdall, Frank. The area is also home to the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Kelvin Hall museums and research facilities, stores, and community sport. $80. [254], On 9 November 2007, Glasgow was selected to be the host city of the 2014 Commonwealth Games. [171] Both the Gaelic language television station BBC Alba and the Gaelic language radio station BBC Radio nan Gidheal have studios in Glasgow, their only locations outside the Highlands and Islands.[172]. Inhabitants of our capital city of". "Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and the third largest in the United Kingdom. WebAs Scotlands largest city, Glasgow is famed for its culture, shopping and people. The Glasgow area is full of scenic rolling plains and open farmland. Omissions? It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Both BBC Scotland and STV have their headquarters in Glasgow. [99], In 2005, Glasgow had the lowest life expectancy of any UK city at 72.9 years. [92], Since the United Kingdom Census 2001 the population decline has been reversed. [89], In the 1960s and 1970s, many Asians also settled in Glasgow, mainly in the Pollokshields area. The warmest month on record in the data series is July 2006, with an average high of 22.7C (72.9F) and low of 13.7C (56.7F). This form of coronet, resembling an embattled city wall, was allowed to the four area councils with city status. Information for international students Explore our global connections: Glasgow International Information for EU students and applicants Erasmus Mundus joint master degrees Scholarships and funding Rutherglen and Cambuslang transferred to South Lanarkshire. Book tickets and tours in Glasgow Glasgow nightlife and entertainment Glasgow is a great place for contemporary music, with loads of new bands emerging every year, many of them making the big time, and the citys clubs are excellent, with a range of places for every dance taste as well as a small but thriving gay scene. The new Scottish National Indoor Sports Arena, a modern replacement for the Kelvin Hall, is in Dalmarnock. The Scottish press publishes various newspapers in the city such as The Evening Times , The Herald, The Sunday Herald, the Sunday Mail and the Daily Record. Industrial decline in Glasgow and the development of the peripheral new towns of East Kilbride and Cumbernauld reduced the inner citys population and congestion. WebThe best time to visit Glasgow is between March and August, when temperatures reach their peak and daylight hours are long. Major hospitals, including those with Accident & Emergency provision, are: the Western Infirmary, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow Royal Infirmary and the Dental Hospital in the city Centre, Stobhill Hospital in the North and the Victoria Infirmary and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in the South Side. Some of the city's more well-known venues include the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, The OVO Hydro, the SECC, Glasgow Cathouse, The Art School, King Tut's Wah Wah Hut (where Oasis were spotted and signed by Glaswegian record mogul Alan McGee), the Queen Margaret Union (who have Kurt Cobain's footprint locked in a safe), the Barrowland, a ballroom converted into a live music venue as well as The Garage, which is the largest nightclub in Scotland. The city has many bus services; since bus deregulation almost all are provided by private operators, though SPT part-funds some services. The Glasgow Cup was a once popular tournament, which was competed for by Rangers, Celtic, Clyde, Partick Thistle and Queen's Park. [144], In 2013, PETA declared Glasgow to be the most vegan-friendly city in the UK.[145]. Districts of Blackhill, Shawfield and the east end of Glasgow Green. The name is also increasingly being used to refer to any area to the west of Charing Cross. Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh, and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. Glasgow was established in the late 1800s as a railroad town. per night. There are a number of West of Scotland Football League clubs within the city as well, such as Pollok, Maryhill, Benburb, Ashfield, Glasgow Perthshire F.C., Glasgow United (formerly Shettleston Juniors), and Petershill, plus numerous amateur teams.[230]. In addition to the suburban rail network, SPT operates the Glasgow Subway. BBC Radio Scotland, the national radio broadcaster for Scotland, is located in the BBC's Glasgow headquarters alongside its Gaelic-language sister station, which is also based in Stornoway. "Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland, and the third largest in the United Kingdom. In 2011, 5,878 residents of the city over age 3 spoke Gaelic, amounting to 1.0% of the population. The city centre is home to most of Glasgow's main cultural venues: the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, Glasgow City Hall, Theatre Royal (performing home of Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet), the Pavilion Theatre, the King's Theatre, Glasgow Film Theatre, Tron Theatre, Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA), Mitchell Library and Theatre, the Centre for Contemporary Arts, McLellan Galleries and the Lighthouse Museum of Architecture. Of academic libraries, Glasgow University Library started in the 15th century and is one of the oldest and largest libraries in Europe, with unique and distinctive collections of international status.[140]. It is situated along both banks of the River Clyde 20 miles (32 km) from that rivers mouth on the western, or Atlantic, coast. Glasgow bin lorry crash inquiry: What does the report tell us? The Caledonian Railway rebuilt many of the sewers, as part of a deal to allow them to tunnel under the city, and sewage treatment works were opened at Dalmarnoch in 1894, Dalmuir in 1904 and Shieldhall in 1910. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. How Glasgow voted in Scotland's independence referendum results map and charts, EU referendum: Glasgow votes Remain by two to one, Voter Turnout by constituency, 2015 General Election, 'Poor weather' and 'spike' in number of elections cause voter turnout in Glasgow to decrease, "Glasgow named as Britain's rainiest city", "Britain's rainiest cities revealed and it's good news for Londoners", United Kingdom: Countries and Major Urban Areas, "Mid-2005 Population Estimates Scotland Table 9 Land area and population density, by administrative area: 30June2005", "Review of Scotland's Cities Transport within the City and the City-Region", "News: Census 2011: Population estimates for Scotland", "2011 census results: how many people live in your local authority? These airports are Glasgow Airport (GLA) (eightmi or thirteenkm west of the city centre) in Renfrewshire, Glasgow Prestwick Airport (PIK) (30mi or 50km southwest) in Ayrshire, Edinburgh Airport (EDI), (34mi or 55km east) in Edinburgh and Glasgow Seaplane Terminal, by the Glasgow Science Centre on the River Clyde. [252], Glasgow bid to host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics but lost to Buenos Aires in the 4 July 2013 vote. Shopping [128][129][130], Glasgow's South Side sprawls out south of the Clyde. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians. [65], At the 2017 snap general election, Glasgow was represented by 6 Scottish National Party MPs and 1 Labour MP; the Glasgow North East constituency which had a record 39.3% swing from Labour to SNP at the previous general election, was regained by Paul Sweeney of the Labour Party, who narrowly defeated sitting SNP MP Anne McLaughlin by 242 votes. Most National Lottery game shows are also filmed in Glasgow. Glasgow also has a huge retail sector, is a centre of film and television production, and is an important global financial and business services hub. The founding of the University of Glasgow in 1451 and elevation of the bishopric to become the Archdiocese of Glasgow in 1492 increased the town's religious and educational status and landed wealth. After the Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland gained further access to the vast markets of the new British Empire, and Glasgow became prominent as a hub of international trade to and from the Americas, especially in sugar, tobacco, cotton, and manufactured goods. 12. The Warriors current home is Scotstoun Stadium and has been since 2012, previously they played at Firhill Stadium. Today part of the Glasgow Works continues in use as a railway maintenance facility, all that is left of the industry in Springburn. Scottish science and education in action, appealing to an international audience of all ages. [201] These were the most popular form of housing in 19th- and 20th-century Glasgow, and remain the most common form of dwelling in Glasgow today. The Burrell Collection, in Pollok Country Park, includes ancient art and works by European and Asian masters. The city is notable for architecture designed by the Glasgow School, the most notable exponent of that style being Charles Rennie Mackintosh. [43] Following the 2002 Glasgow floods, the waterborne parasite cryptosporidium was found in the reservoir at Milngavie, and so the new Milngavie water treatment works was built. Despite the merger, the second division teams of Glasgow Academicals and Glasgow High Kelvinside re-entered the Scottish rugby league in 1998. The West End is bisected by the River Kelvin, which flows from the Campsie Fells in the north and confluences with the River Clyde at Yorkhill Quay. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Cotton manufacture, which was well suited to Glasgows damp climate, succeeded the trade in tobacco. [224], The world's first international football match was held in 1872 at the West of Scotland Cricket Club's Hamilton Crescent ground in the Partick area of the city. The city centre is based on a grid system of streets on the north bank of the River Clyde. Glasgow North recorded the biggest remain vote with 78% opting to stay in the EU whilst in Glasgow East this figure dropped to 56%. "Old Glasgow and The Clyde: From the Archives of T. and R. Annan" (2005), McKean, Charles. [241] Since October 2010 a team called the Glasgow Clan based in the nearby Braehead Arena in Renfrewshire has played in the professional Elite Ice Hockey League alongside two other Scottish teams, the Fife Flyers and the Dundee Stars. With its mercantile wealth, and continuing growth even before the Industrial Revolution, the city expanded by creating the New Town around George Square, soon followed by the New Town of Blythswood on Blythswood Hill which includes Blythswood Square. It is the fifth-most visited city in the United Kingdom. The MOBO Awards were held at the SECC on 30 September 2009, making Glasgow the first out-of-London city to host the event since its launch in 1995. [20] During this period, the construction of many of the city's greatest architectural masterpieces and most ambitious civil engineering projects, such as the Milngavie water treatment works, Glasgow Subway, Glasgow Corporation Tramways, City Chambers, Mitchell Library and Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum were being funded by its wealth. There are also a large number of smaller venues and bars, which host many local and touring musicians, including Stereo, 13th Note and Nice N Sleazy. Autumns are generally cool to mild with increasing precipitation. This has led to large-scale redevelopment of much of the poorer housing stock in north Glasgow, and the wider regeneration of many areas, such as Ruchill, which have been transformed; many run-down tenements have now been refurbished or replaced by modern housing estates. The fortunes of the Conservative Party continued to decline into the twenty-first century, winning only one of the 79 councillors on Glasgow City Council in 2012, despite having been the controlling party (as the Progressives) from 1969 to 1972 when Sir Donald Liddle was the last non-Labour Lord Provost. [176], Glasgow's impressive historical and modern architectural traditions were celebrated in 1999 when the city was designated UK City of Architecture and Design,[177] winning the accolade over Liverpool and Edinburgh. By dennissU1613AA. The northern boundary (from east to west) follows Cathedral Street to North Hanover Street and George Square. Parks. WebNew students: International Welcome and Orientation Our diverse University community attracts students and staff from over 140 different countries. [24] By the late 18th century more than half of the British tobacco trade was concentrated on the River Clyde, with over 47,000,000lb (21,000t) of tobacco being imported each year at its peak. [157] The city has four Christian cathedrals: Glasgow Cathedral, of the Church of Scotland; St Andrew's Cathedral, of the Roman Catholic Church; St Mary's Cathedral, of the Scottish Episcopal Church, and St Luke's Cathedral, of the Greek Orthodox Church. Many roads lead to Fort Peck Lake through the Charles M. Russell Families are being urged to apply for the grant. Many of the city's most impressive buildings were built with red or blond sandstone, but during the industrial era those colours disappeared under a pervasive black layer of soot and pollutants from the furnaces, until the Clean Air Act was introduced in 1956. [119][120][121] On 30 September 2013, a major expansion of the SECC facilities at the former Queen's Dock by Foster and Partners officially opened the 13,000-seat Hydro arena. Glasgow prospered as a market centre because it was well situated between Highland and Lowland Scotland and also between Edinburghthe capital, 45 miles (72 km) eastand the west. [183] The city was also noted for its locomotive construction industry led by firms such as the North British Locomotive Company which grew during the 19th century before entering a decline in the 1960s. Please select which sections you would like to print: Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. WebBy Birdsong2011. WebBy Birdsong2011. [136], A huge part of the economic life of Glasgow was once located in Springburn, where the Saracen Foundry, engineering works of firms like Charles Tennant and locomotive workshops employed many Glaswegians. As of 2021 the facilities at the still new park are quite lacking. For other uses, see, Historical population of Glasgow and city limits, Protestant/Catholic affiliation in Glasgow (2011 census), International Financial Services District. 1,039. Glasgow is Scotlands largest city, and it forms an independent council area that lies entirely within the historic county of Lanarkshire. The coldest month on record since the data series began is December 2010, during a severe cold wave affecting the British Isles. Trade in the Americas tropical produce (tobacco, sugar, and rum) then made fortunes for the Glasgow merchants, as the Clyde was dredged and deepened and eventually made navigable to the heart of the city. The Episcopalian St Andrew's was also known as the "Whistlin' Kirk" due to it being the first church after the Reformation to own an organ. Shopping Yet it was not until after the union of the Scottish and English crowns (1603) that Glasgow grew significantly. The wider Govan area includes the districts of Ibrox, Cessnock, Kinning Park and Kingston. WebGlasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland, and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain. The city has not had a Conservative MP since the 1982 Hillhead by-election, when the SDP took the seat, which was in Glasgow's most affluent area. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Glasgow-Scotland, British History Online - Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Undiscovered Scotland - Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Gazetteer for Scotland - Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, Glasgow - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Glasgow - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). South Side. Glasgow is located on the banks of the River Clyde, in West Central Scotland. Even then, the December high was above freezing at 1.6C (34.9F) with the low of 4.4C (24.1F). [115] The artistic and cultural potential of the Merchant City as a "cultural quarter" was harnessed by independent arts organisations and Glasgow City Council,[115] and the recent development of Trongate 103, which houses galleries, workshops, artist studios and production spaces, is considered a major outcome of the continued partnership between both. [138], The city's principal municipal library, the Mitchell Library, has grown into one of the largest public reference libraries in Europe, currently housing some 1.3million books, an extensive collection of newspapers and thousands of photographs and maps. Glasgow was once one of the most significant cities in the UK for manufacturing, which generated a great deal of the city's wealth; the most prominent industry being shipbuilding based on the River Clyde. "Industrial Archaeology of Glasgow" (1974), Malcolm, Sandra. places. The area around Glasgow has hosted communities for millennia, with the River Clyde providing a natural location for fishing. The Forth and Clyde Canal passes through this part of the city, and at one stage formed a vital part of the local economy. [179] Glasgow's annual economic growth rate of 4.4% is now second only to that of London. By Jenness Mitchell, Scotland news reporter Tuesday 17 January 2023 A notable local employer continues to be the Wellpark Brewery, home of Tennent's Lager. Glasgow is part of the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities. [70] The city as a whole voted to remain in the EU, by 66.6% to 33.3%. [248], Glasgow Green and the Gorbals are home to a number of rowing clubs, some with open membership the rest belonging to universities or schools. and Partick. [100] Much was made of this during the 2008 Glasgow East by-election. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It was at this castle Mary Queen of Scots supposedly spent the night before her defeat at the Battle of Langside in May 1568. Glasgow is located in the central belt of Scotland. Of Scotland's 25 largest cities and towns, only Inverness, the unofficial capital of the Highlands, has a higher percentage of Gaelic speakers. Once a school, it has been converted into offices. The Glasgow area is full of scenic rolling plains and open farmland. The city is also rich in artists and creators which makes for a thriving and exciting independent shopping scene. Glasgow also has a number of Independent schools, including The High School of Glasgow, founded in 1124 and the oldest school in Scotland; Hutchesons' Grammar School, founded in 1639 and one of the oldest school institutions in Britain; and others such as Craigholme School (closed 2020), Glasgow Academy, Kelvinside Academy and St. Aloysius' College. per night. successes include The Fratellis, Chvrches, Rustie, Vukovi, Glasvegas and Twin Atlantic. South Side. The City of Glasgow The Third Statistical Account of Scotland, published 1958, Glasgow's Great Exhibitions by Perilla Kinchin and others, published 1988, Glasgow City Council Planning Department reports, 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, A tour thro' the whole island of Great Britain, Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre, Glasgow (Scottish Parliament electoral region), Glasgow electoral region of the Scottish Parliament, Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), Scottish Executive Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department, Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art, St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art, Rugby League Conference Scotland Division, 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack, "Dictionaries of the Scots Language:: SND:: glesca", "Plan launched to increase Gaelic use in Glasgow", "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland", "Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, 2021", "Population on 1 January by age groups and sex - functional urban areas", "Edinburgh UK's second most prosperous city", "Top 20 Most Popular Cities in the UK for International Visitors", "About Glasgow: The Second City of the Empire the 19th century", "Second City of The Empire: 1830s to 1914", "Glasgow Plantation Owners in Jamaica Legacies of Slavery in Glasgow Museums and Collections", "The Glasgow Story: Industry and Technology Food, Drink and Tobacco", "Secret plot to strip Glasgow of influence", "Interim Evaluation of the Cities Growth Fund: A Report to the Scottish Executive Appendix 4: Glasgow", "Housing regeneration in Glasgow: Gentrification and upward neighbourhood trajectories in a post-industrial city", "Lonely Planet guide rates Glasgow as one of the world's top 10 cities", "Glasgow Economic Audit 2007 Summary Report", "Quality of living global city rankings Mercer survey", "Air quality | The Glasgow Indicators Project", "Queen opens Milngavie water treatment works in Scotland", "Shieldhall Tunnel now operational as Scotland's biggest sewer", "Councillor Eva Bolander chosen as Glasgow's Lord Provost", "Who are the MEP candidates in Scotland? 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