(5) $55.11. Once in Washington he destroyed the mailed proclamation and issued a formal call for a special session. Of the nine accused, only two minor defendants are found guilty. [181] Since the end of Reconstruction, conservative white Democrats (or "Bourbon Democrats") had regained power in the South, and the Republican party dwindled rapidly as their primary supporters in the region, blacks, were disenfranchised. James Garfield dies from blood poisoning and complications after surgeons search endlessly to find the lost bullet in his back, lodged in his pancreas. VintageGiftHouse. [44] In another civil rights case in 1854, Arthur was the lead attorney representing Elizabeth Jennings Graham after she was denied a seat on a streetcar because she was black. "'Vice Breeds Crime' The 'Germs' of Mark . How Did Chester A. Arthur Become President? [47] The rough frontier life did not agree with the genteel New Yorkers; after three or four months the two young lawyers returned to New York City, where Arthur comforted his fiance after her father was lost at sea in the wreck of the SS Central America. 0. [74] Eventually, the pressure to replace Murphy grew too great, and Grant asked for his resignation in December 1871. [125] Even so, the Senate remained deadlocked for two months over Garfield's nominations because of Conkling's opposition to some of them. Under this system, elected officials rewarded their supporters with political appointments in their administrations. Congress passes the Contract Labor Law, also known as the Foran Act, which virtually outlaws alien contract labor. Arthur worked for one of the most prominent law firms in New York City. Arthur issues a proclamation recommending the observance of the 100th anniversary of General George Washington returning his commission as commander-in-chief to the Continental Congress. [130] Twenty-nine days before his execution for shooting Garfield, Guiteau composed a lengthy, unpublished poem claiming that Arthur knew the assassination had saved "our land [the United States]". Along with overseeing a major renovation of the White House, President Arthur saw three major events happen during his administration: These three accomplishments ensured Arthur that he would have something of a legacy. [108] Their opponents in the Republican party, known as Half-Breeds, concentrated their efforts on James G. Blaine, a senator from Maine who was more amenable to civil service reform. [40] In 1852, Arthur moved again, to Cohoes, New York, to become the principal of a school at which his sister, Malvina, was a teacher. To the surprise of reformers, he advocated and enforced the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. Chester A. Arthur | Presidents of the United States (POTUS) Chester A. Arthur 1 2 3 4 5 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York Father: William Arthur (1796-1875) During the Civil read more, Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. [87] Jay, with whom Arthur had collaborated in the Lemmon case two decades earlier, suggested that the Custom House was overstaffed with political appointments, and that 20% of the employees were expendable. [197] He kept up a token effort, believing that to drop out would cast doubt on his actions in office and raise questions about his health, but by the time the convention began in June, his defeat was assured. In the presidential election later. The Arthurs had four daughters when Chester was born. [45] The two were soon engaged to be married. [142] Despite Arthur's personal appeal to remain, MacVeagh resigned in December 1881 and Arthur replaced him with Benjamin H. Brewster, a Philadelphia lawyer and machine politician reputed to have reformist leanings. Arthur's status in the administration diminished when, a month before inauguration day, he gave a speech before reporters suggesting the election in Indiana, a swing state, had been won by Republicans through illegal machinations. [182] Some black Republicans felt betrayed by the pragmatic gambit, but others (including Frederick Douglass and ex-Senator Blanche K. Bruce) endorsed the administration's actions, as the Southern independents had more liberal racial policies than the Democrats. $50,000 in 1871 is equal to $1.13million in present terms. "Men may die, but the fabric of free . The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge to be built across the East River linking New York City and Brooklyn. Why Did Zachary Taylor Oppose the Compromise of 1850? In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. Entering the territory by crossing the Missouri at St. Joseph, they came down to the west side of the river to Leavenworth, where they remained and investigated . **PRE-ORDER** The Chester House from Dept 56 Christmas Vacation Snow Village **SHIPS LATE NOVEMBER** $149. [151], At first, the act applied only to 10% of federal jobs and, without proper implementation by the president, it could have gone no further. [198] He played no role in the 1884 campaign, which Blaine would later blame for his loss that November to the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland.[199]. President Chester Arthur represented the Republican . During his childhood, he moved seven times. [73] Arthur's salary was initially $6,500, but senior customs employees were compensated additionally by the "moiety" system, which awarded them a percentage of the cargoes seized and fines levied on importers who attempted to evade the tariff. [142] Blaine, nemesis of the Stalwart faction, remained Secretary of State until Congress reconvened and then departed immediately. In the general election, Garfield and Arthur defeated Democratic nominee Winfield Hancock (1824-1886) and his running mate William English (1822-1896), and were sworn into office on March 4, 1881. By 1886 Arthur's health had further deteriorated, and he died of a stroke on the 18 November 1886 at the age of fifty-seven.. Legacy . The United States and Mexico conclude a convention on their shared territorial boundary. Congress passes the so-called Mongrel Tariff Act, a complex tariff revision that reduces rates on various items by less than 2 percent; Arthur had lobbied Congress for a 20 to 25 percent cut on all items. [202] Senator George Edmunds was Arthur's next choice, but he declined to be considered. His most famous case was his suit against a . [82] As a result, his income dropped to $12,000 a yearmore than his nominal boss, the Secretary of the Treasury, but far less than what he had previously received. [162] Blaine, venturing a greater involvement in affairs south of the Rio Grande, proposed a Pan-American conference in 1882 to discuss trade and an end to the War of the Pacific being fought by Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. [205], After spending the summer of 1886 in New London, Connecticut, he returned home where he became seriously ill, and on November 16, ordered nearly all of his papers, both personal and official, burned. [192] To rejuvenate his health outside the confines of Washington, Arthur and some political friends traveled to Florida in April 1883. The assassin's bullet that wounded President James Garfield in July had claimed his life the day before. Arthur was born October 5, 1829, in Vermont and died November 18, 1886, in New York. Hallmarked Chester. Diseases And Disabilities. [151] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883. He was the fifth of eight children born to William Arthur, a Baptist minister, and Malvina Stone Arthur. [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. Burt. Chester Arthur was born in North Fairfield, Vermont. Let's look at each of these in a bit more detail. [173] Garfield's Secretary of the Navy, William H. Hunt advocated reform of the Navy. [143] Frelinghuysen advised Arthur not to fill any future vacancies with Stalwarts, but when Postmaster General James resigned in January 1882, Arthur selected Timothy O. Howe, a Wisconsin Stalwart. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. Put simply, he performed well in office, defying his state-based reputation as a slick machine politician. [60] He was hired by Thomas Murphy, a Republican politician, but also a friend of William M. Tweed, the boss of the Tammany Hall Democratic organization. Worst Presidents: Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) Arthur is one of only a handful of American leaders who did not win a presidential election at the top of his party's ticket. [37] After completing his college preparation at the Lyceum of Union Village (now Greenwich) and a grammar school in Schenectady, Arthur enrolled at Union College there in 1845, where he studied the traditional classical curriculum. [180] Chandler scrapped costly outdated vessels, exclaiming he did his "best work in destroying the old navy. American Presidents Hayes, Garfield and Arthur. Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in North Fairfield, Vermont. [51] He had an opportunity to serve at the front when the 9th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment elected him commander with the rank of colonel early in the war, but at Governor Morgan's request, he turned it down to remain at his post in New York. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party and worked as a lawyer before becoming the twentieth vice president under James Garfield. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont. [179] Democrats turned against the "New Navy" projects and, when they won control of the 48th Congress, refused to appropriate funds for seven more steel warships. He also oversaw the establishment of the Naval War College and the Office of Naval Intelligence. [10], Arthur's father, William Arthur, was born in 1796 in Dreen, Cullybackey, County Antrim, Ireland to a Presbyterian family of Scots-Irish descent. This law created a 10-year ban on all Chinese immigration to the United States and prohibited Chinese immigrants already in the country from becoming U.S. citizens. [223] Since 1944 it has been the location of Kalustyan's Spice Emporium. [77][h] Among those who dealt with the Custom House, Arthur was one of the era's more popular collectors. [132] Arthur was reluctant to be seen acting as president while Garfield lived, and for the next two months there was a void of authority in the executive office, with Garfield too weak to carry out his duties, and Arthur reluctant to assume them. Two days later, in Washington, D.C., Arthur was given the oath of office by the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The United States participates in an international conference establishing standard time. [136] On September 22, he re-took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite. [187] In 1882, he signed the Edmunds Act into law; the legislation made polygamy a federal crime, barring polygamists both from public office and the right to vote. He kept the condition a secret from the public; however, his poor health prevented him from actively seeking reelection in 1884. This guided Chester A. Arthur Bio Poem Activity is a great research and poetry writing activity for a lesson, literacy or poetry center or even your substitute file for Presidents' Day or any time of year!Print and Go or Assign the Easel version. Activity. As a young boy, he attended schools in Perry and Greenwich, New York, before enrolling at the Union College in 1845. [168] Three years later, after China had agreed to treaty revisions, Congress tried again to exclude working class Chinese laborers; Senator John F. Miller of California introduced another Chinese Exclusion Act that blocked entry of Chinese laborers for a twenty-year period. Four months into his term, Garfield was shot by an assassin; he died 11 weeks later, and Arthur assumed the presidency. [123] Garfield ultimately appointed a Stalwart, Thomas Lemuel James, to be Postmaster General, but the cabinet fight and Arthur's ill-considered speech left the President and Vice President clearly estranged when they took office on March 4, 1881. One presidential oath was administered by a state court judge, also in New York City by a New York State judge: Arthur first offered the post to Edwin D. Morgan, who had been his patron in New York; Morgan was confirmed by the Senate, but declined on the grounds of age. "[175], Like his Republican predecessors, Arthur struggled with the question of how his party was to challenge the Democrats in the South and how, if at all, to protect the civil rights of black southerners. [60] In the presidential election of 1864, Arthur and Murphy raised funds from Republicans in New York, and they attended the second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. After Rutherford Hayes became president, he ousted Arthur from the job in 1878 in an attempt to reform the New York Custom House and spoils system. After leaving office in 1885, Arthur returned to New York City and rejoined his law practice Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. in 1883. [118] Hancock did not help his own cause when, in an attempt to remain neutral on the tariff, he said that "[t]he tariff question is a local question", which only made him appear uninformed about an important issue. He was raised in New York. Some older sources list the date as October 5, 1830. [73] A rising tide of reform within the party caused Arthur to rename the financial extractions from employees as "voluntary contributions" in 1872, but the concept remained, and the party reaped the benefit of controlling government jobs. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. [144], In the 1870s, a scandal was exposed, in which contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services with the connivance of government officials (including Second Assistant Postmaster General Thomas J. Brady and former senator Stephen Wallace Dorsey). On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. [152] To their surprise, he acted quickly to appoint the members of the Civil Service Commission that the law created, naming reformers Dorman Bridgman Eaton, John Milton Gregory, and Leroy D. Thoman as commissioners. Facts about Chester an Arthur 1: the life span Chester A Arthur was born on 5th October 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont and died on 18 November 1886. [66], Conkling succeeded to leadership of the conservative wing of New York's Republicans by 1868 as Morgan concentrated more time and effort on national politics, including serving as chairman of the Republican National Committee. Nell Arthur died of pneumonia at age 42, less than two years before her husband became president. The United States and Luxembourg conclude an extradition treaty in New York. Arthur vetoes the first Chinese Exclusion Act, which would have banned the immigration of Chinese laborers for twenty years and denied American citizenship to current Chinese residents; the veto greatly angers labor groups, who feel increasingly threatened by the influx of Chinese labor. [118] This argument struck home in the swing states of New York and Indiana, where many were employed in manufacturing. [149] In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio introduced legislation that required selection of civil servants based on merit as determined by an examination. [189] He also favored a move to the allotment system, under which individual Native Americans, rather than tribes, would own land. [100] Arthur immediately took advantage of the resulting free time to work for the election of Edward Cooper as New York City's next mayor. Political corruption permeated American . Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829. They collected large amounts of money that came from taxes. Owing to the shock of Garfield's assassination and eventual death, Americans all over had started to grow fed up of Roscoe Conkling's machine. [117] Realizing this, they adjusted their approach to claim that Democrats would lower the country's protective tariff, which would allow cheaper manufactured goods to be imported from Europe, and thereby put thousands out of work. [3], Suffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure the Republican Party's nomination in 1884, and he retired at the end of his term. Chester Alan Arthur was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st President of the United States (1881-85); he succeeded James A. Garfield upon the latter's assassination. [193] Later that year, on the advice of Missouri Senator George Graham Vest, he visited Yellowstone National Park. [94] The Senate's Commerce Committee, chaired by Conkling, unanimously rejected all the nominees; the full Senate rejected Roosevelt by a vote of 3125[95] and similarly turned down the nomination of Prince by the same margin, later confirming Merritt only because Sharpe's term had expired. Ten fun facts about Chester A. Arthur. To Consent to the Nomination of Theodore Roosevelt as Collector of Customs at New York. Getty Images / Library of Congress / Contributor. Arthur signed the Pendleton Act, which banned salary kickbacks and required merit exams for any professional advancement. [73] Murphy's unpopularity only increased as he replaced workers loyal to Senator Reuben Fenton's faction of the Republican party with those loyal to Conkling's. [200] The Senate confirmed the nomination but, as expected, Conkling declined it,[200] the last time a confirmed nominee declined an appointment. He previously served as the 20th vice president under President James A. 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